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> ## XML Tag Library

> The JSTL XML tag set is listed in Table 14-5.

> Table 14-5 XML Tags
> Area | Function | Tags | Prefix
> --- | --- | --- | ---
> XML | Core | `out` `parse` `set` | `x`
> Flow control | `choose` `when` `otherwise` `forEach` `if`
> Transformation | `transform` `param`

> A key aspect of dealing with XML documents is to be able to easily access their content. XPath (see How XPath Works), a W3C recommendation since 1999, provides an easy notation for specifying and selecting parts of an XML document. In the JSTL XML tags, XPath expressions specified using the `select` attribute are used to select portions of XML data streams. Note that XPath is used as a local expression language only for the `select` attribute. This means that values specified for `select` attributes are evaluated using the XPath expression language but that values for all other attributes are evaluated using the rules associated with the JSP 2.0 expression language.

> In addition to the standard XPath syntax, the JSTL XPath engine supports the following scopes to access Web application data within an XPath expression:

> - `$foo`
> - `$param:`
> - `$header:`
> - `$cookie:`
> - `$initParam:`
> - `$pageScope:`
> - `$requestScope:`
> - `$sessionScope:`
> - `$applicationScope:`

> These scopes are defined in exactly the same way as their counterparts in the JSP expression language discussed in Implicit Objects. Table 14-6 shows some examples of using the scopes.

> Table 14-6 Example XPath Expressions
> XPath Expression | Result
> --- | ---
> `$sessionScope:profile` | The session-scoped EL variable named `profile`
> `$initParam:mycom.productId` | The `String` value of the`mycom.productId` context parameter

> The XML tags are illustrated in another version (`bookstore5`) of the Duke's Bookstore application. This version replaces the database with an XML representation of the bookstore database, which is retrieved from another Web application. The directions for building and deploying this version of the application are in The Example JSP Document. A sample `bookstore5.war` is provided in `<``INSTALL``>/j2eetutorial14/examples/web/provided-wars/`.

> ### Core Tags

> The core XML tags provide basic functionality to easily parse and access XML data.

> The `parse` tag parses an XML document and saves the resulting object in the EL variable specified by attribute `var`. In `bookstore5`, the XML document is parsed and saved to a context attribute in `parsebooks.jsp`, which is included by all JSP pages that need access to the document:

>     <c:if test="${applicationScope:booklist == null}" >
>       <c:import url="${initParam.booksURL}" var="xml" />
>       <x:parse doc="${xml}" var="booklist" scope="application" />
>     </c:if>

> The `set` and `out` tags parallel the behavior described in Variable Support Tags and Miscellaneous Tags for the XPath local expression language. The `set` tag evaluates an XPath expression and sets the result into a JSP EL variable specified by attribute `var`. The `out` tag evaluates an XPath expression on the current context node and outputs the result of the evaluation to the current `JspWriter` object.

> The JSP page `bookdetails.jsp` selects a book element whose `id` attribute matches the request parameter `bookId` and sets the `abook` attribute. The `out` tag then selects the book's `title` element and outputs the result.

>     <x:set var="abook"
>       select="$applicationScope.booklist/
>         books/book[@id=$param:bookId]" />
>       <h2><x:out select="$abook/title"/></h2>

> As you have just seen, `x:set` stores an internal XML representation of a node retrieved using an XPath expression; it doesn't convert the selected node into a `String` and store it. Thus, `x:set` is primarily useful for storing parts of documents for later retrieval.

> If you want to store a `String`, you must use `x:out` within `c:set`. The `x:out` tag converts the node to a `String`, and `c:set` then stores the `String` as an EL variable. For example, `bookdetails.jsp` stores an EL variable containing a book price, which is later provided as the value of a `fmt` tag, as follows:

>     <c:set var="price">
>       <x:out select="$abook/price"/>
>     </c:set>
>     <h4><fmt:message key="ItemPrice"/>:
>       <fmt:formatNumber value="${price}" type="currency"/>

> The other option, which is more direct but requires that the user have more knowledge of XPath, is to coerce the node to a `String` manually by using XPath's `string` function.

>     <x:set var="price" select="string($abook/price)"/>

> ### Flow Control Tags

> The XML flow control tags parallel the behavior described in Flow Control Tags for XML data streams.

> The JSP page`bookcatalog.jsp` uses the `forEach` tag to display all the books contained in `booklist` as follows:

>     <x:forEach var="book"
>       select="$applicationScope:booklist/books/*">
>       <tr>
>         <c:set var="bookId">
>           <x:out select="$book/@id"/>
>         </c:set>=
>         <td bgcolor="#ffffaa">
>           <c:url var="url"
>           value="/bookdetails" >
>             <c:param name="bookId" value="${bookId}" />
>             <c:param name="Clear" value="0" />
>           </c:url>
>           <a href="${url}">
>           <strong><x:out select="$book/title"/>&nbsp;
>           </strong></a></td>
>         <td bgcolor="#ffffaa" rowspan=2>
>           <c:set var="price">
>             <x:out select="$book/price"/>
>           </c:set>
>           <fmt:formatNumber value="${price}" type="currency"/>
>           &nbsp;
>         </td>
>         <td bgcolor="#ffffaa" rowspan=2>
>         <c:url var="url" value="/catalog" >
>           <c:param name="Add" value="${bookId}" />
>         </c:url>
>         <p><strong><a href="${url}">&nbsp;
>           <fmt:message key="CartAdd"/>&nbsp;</a>
>         </td>
>       </tr>
>       <tr>
>         <td bgcolor="#ffffff">
>         &nbsp;&nbsp;<fmt:message key="By"/> <em>
>           <x:out select="$book/firstname"/>&nbsp;
>           <x:out select="$book/surname"/></em></td></tr>
>     </x:forEach>

> ### Transformation Tags

> The `transform` tag applies a transformation, specified by an XSLT stylesheet set by the attribute `xslt`, to an XML document, specified by the attribute `doc`. If the `doc` attribute is not specified, the input XML document is read from the tag's body content.

> The `param` subtag can be used along with `transform` to set transformation parameters. The attributes `name` and `value` are used to specify the parameter. The `value` attribute is optional. If it is not specified, the value is retrieved from the tag's body.

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